Until recently, audio systems have largely been analog. Now the trend is moving rapidly to digital implementations. While the literature contains most of the information needed to design and implement ...

RP Sallen and EL Key of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory in 1955 introduced the Sallen-Key analog filter topology. Engineering literature extensively discusses the second ...

The filter type can be described in several different ways. Low-pass and high-pass filters in two-way crossover networks are often identified by their "Q". The Q is the resonance magnification of the ...

Introduction It is often necessary to filter data from sensors or audio streams in order to suppress unwanted noise. And, most of the time, a simple first order filter is all that is required. The ...

Filters are used in many applications to remove unwanted frequency components from incoming signals, enhance incoming signals, or both. In portable and non-portable medical applications, for example, ...