Standard measures of competitive toughness fail to capture the fact that, as consumers optimize intertemporally, firms operating today compete with (as yet non-existent) businesses, which will be ...

Explore intertemporal equilibrium, an essential economic concept that analyzes how current and future decisions affect ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial ...