In this study, a novel nonlinear PID controller is developed for a class of second-order nonlinear systems subject to uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control architecture ...

Magnetic levitation (maglev) systems are characterized by strong nonlinearities and inherent open-loop instability, making precise position regulation of levitating bodies exceptionally challenging.

Due to their versatility, ease of design, and low cost, flyback converters have become one of the most widely used topologies in power electronics. Its structure derives from one of the three basic ...