A study shows that turtles use both genetic signals and mechanical forces to form the scales on their heads, revealing a shared heritage with crocodiles and dinosaurs. In vertebrates, the formation of ...

Turtles (Testudines) have captivated evolutionary biologists for decades due to their distinct morphology and ancient origins. Recent studies have elucidated the evolutionary transformations that led ...

In most vertebrates, skin appendages such as hair, feathers, or scales originate from placodes—small, specialized skin regions whose spatial organization is controlled by well-conserved genetic ...

Eugene S. Gaffney : a professional biography and bibliography / Robert L. Carroll -- Autobiography (through May 2009) / Eugene S. Gaffney -- Problems of the ancestry of turtles / Robert L. Carroll -- ...