Simply connecting a power supply to a load is not always so simple. Voltage drop due to wires, cables, connectors and circuit board traces can cause considerable regulation errors at the load. It is ...

A well-known solution for electrical noise in industrial plants is the constant-voltage transformer, or CVT. These devices can filter distortion and notches from input voltages (see Fig. 1). CVTs have ...

For as versatile and inexpensive as switch-mode power supplies are at all kinds of different tasks, they’re not always the ideal choice for every DC-DC circuit. Although they can do almost any job in ...

Using a “trick,” a switching or linear regulator can generate lower voltages than the feedback voltage. It requires another positive supply voltage connected to the resistive divider to adjust the ...

Determine the range of values of Vi that will maintain the Zener diode of the figure above in the “on” state. To solve for Vi(max), we use the formula But, since IR(max) is not yet known, we have to ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...