Laser diodes are semiconductors that generate light and amplify it using repeated reflection or "optical feedback." Once the ...

Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers or PCSELs are laser diodes that generate laser beams through controlled light wave interaction within a photonic crystal structure. In a recent study, ...

Ecological modelling is the construction and analysis of mathematical models of ecological processes, including both purely biological and combined biophysical models. Models can be analytic or ...