Internet protocol (IP) packets are handed over to a data link layer protocol, for the physical transmission to the next node in the network path. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY.

The numeric identification of the upper layer protocol that an IP packet should be sent to. The number is stored in the header that is prefixed to an IP packet. Note that the IP protocol number is ...

Layer 0 provides the infrastructure, while layer 1 — e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum — forms the base protocol. Layer 2 enhances scalability through offchain solutions like sidechains or rollups.

TLS’s predecessor, secure socket layer (SSL) was developed by Netscape in 1995. SSL version 1.0 and 2.0 contained many security flaws that prompted a complete redesign of the protocol.

New Solana scaling solution Solaxy (SOLX) has raised $19 million in its ongoing presale. The layer-2 protocol is designed to ...

In recent years, Ethereum has embraced a layer-2 scaling roadmap—a plan that encouraged the development of third-party ...

While Bitcoin has definitely proven its usefulness in these sorts of international payments, there is still plenty of room for improvement, and Layer 2 protocols like the Lightning Network may be the ...

The New Wave DV Fibre Channel Upper Layer Protocol (FC-ULP) core provides a complete FC-4 layer hardware IP solution for the Fibre Channel Avionics Environment Remote Direct Memory Access (FC-AE-RDMA) ...

Layer 2 solutions are protocols or networks built on top of a layer-1 networks to improve its scalability and reduce transaction costs by processing transactions off-chain and then periodically ...

Similar to an older idea known as Channel Factories, these types of payment pools could eventually even be used to themselves host Lightning channels, vaults or other Layer Two protocols. This may ...