For three decades, the classic 4% rule has been the shorthand answer to a brutally complex question: how much you can safely spend from your portfolio each year without running out of money. That ...

For decades, scientists have tried to turn the question of alien life from late-night speculation into something you can ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Humans respond to environments that change at many different speeds. A video game player, for example, reacts to on-screen ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Probability is the hidden engine that powers everything from simple games of chance to complex online gambling systems. For math enthusiasts and strategic thinkers, delving into the mechanics behind ...

A discrete random variable is a type of random variable that can take on a countable set of distinct values. Common examples include the number of children in a family, the outcome of rolling a die, ...

The binomial distribution is a key concept in probability that models situations where you repeat the same experiment several times, and each time there are only two possible outcomes—success or ...

Everybody's got a hunch this time of year, a thought about the so-called Presidents' Trophy “curse” or maybe a dark horse Stanley Cup pick. Only one team of the 16 in the NHL playoffs gets to be ...

Opt to spend a full year on a work placement. Our students have secured placements with a range of organisations, including Intel, the Met Office, HSBC, Deloitte, Morgan Stanley, and the Civil Service ...