The pyramids, to which Cleopatra almost certainly introduced Julius Caesar, already sported graffiti. The Sphinx had undergone a major restoration—more than 1,000 years earlier. And the glory of ...

In 49 B.C. on the banks of the Rubicon, Julius Caesar faced a ... s treasury was housed in the Temple of Saturn at the Forum; it was sacked by Caesar in 49 B.C. to pay for his wars against Pompey.